As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school pure-hyvitykset to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
Which matchmaking is particularly strong inside the Shenzhen
Complete, including supporting evidence of a beneficial dyadic exchange, particularly in Shenzhen, i as well as come across supporting proof to have industry exchange, since migrants may wed an area mate (we.e., to create hukou intermarriage) since their studies expands. The outcome strongly recommend a top likelihood of hukou area-training change to possess non-college-knowledgeable migrants inside Shenzhen compared to Shanghai, but a similar odds of hukou locality-training replace in these a couple urban centers to possess college-knowledgeable migrants, which supports Theory step 3 the straight down odds of hukou area-knowledge change in Shanghai, as compared to Shenzhen, retains to own low-college-educated migrants yet not having university-knowledgeable migrants.
Based on Design 5 from Table dos and Contour dos , local spouses’ studies is not regarding the the log-odds of hukou area intermarriage, and this matchmaking does not disagree between the two locations
So far, we have sensed merely intermarriage between neighbors and you may migrants, versus determining ranging from a few hukou items. Inside our shot, neighbors try mostly urban hukou holders while migrants mainly hold rural hukou in both towns. Especially, inside Shanghai, on the 85% out-of residents but no more than 20% from migrants possess metropolitan hukou. In Shenzhen, every locals keep urban hukou, but only about thirty five% regarding migrants is metropolitan hukou people. The latest systematic difference out of hukou types of ranging from locals and you will migrants implies a probability of hukou form of replace contained in this inter-hukou-locality ine if hukou sorts of affects our very own show.
Earliest, i look at the newest distribution off hukou form of among intermarriages from hukou area. Because revealed when you look at the Shape A1, more 1 / 2 of the fresh people in which a couple partners disagree within the hukou locality setting homogamy regarding hukou method of. This really is in line with previous results that all Chinese age hukou form of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). Good gender asymmetric pattern away from hukou interong lovers of an excellent migrant husband and a community spouse, simply eleven% was rural-husband-urban-partner couples while 86% is actually metropolitan-husband-urban-spouse partners. On the other hand, certainly people where in fact the partner was a good Shanghai regional citizen and also the partner was an effective migrant, 45% is actually urban-husband-rural-spouse partners. To put it differently, whenever feminine which have Shanghai hukou get married migrants, they have a tendency in order to get married metropolitan migrants, whereas dudes that have Shanghai hukou which wed migrant female will marry outlying migrants. For the Shenzhen, so it gender development are quicker pronounced: 26% regarding migrant-husband-local-spouse people has an urban spouse and a rural husband, while a dozen% out of local-husband-migrant-wife partners involve an urban spouse and you may an outlying spouse. This type of conclusions recommend that for the Shanghai relationships sector, one another hukou area and you may hukou types of design intermarriage designs, in Shenzhen hukou types of appears shorter important. They further supporting all of our conclusions on the hukou burden are stronger within the Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>
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